2011年9月14日 星期三

Progress in plastic optics follows advances in materials and manufacturing

Several recent trends have helped the plastic optics manufacturing industry remain competitive in the United States. In particular, the manufacturing processes for plastic optics have benefited from advances in computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided machining (CAM), mold flow analysis, metrology software and instrumentation, diamond turning practices, optical process engineering, and improvements in the quality and variety of the raw materials used.

For customers planning to incorporate a plastic optical component into a system design, there are advantages to be gained by understanding the project lead time needs of the plastic optic manufacturer along with the manufacturing process. To meet research and development schedules, single-point diamond turning (SPDT) manufacturing processes are now commonly used in the first stage of a project. This phase of prototyping can be done in parallel with the design and build of a plastic injection mold, bringing initial optical samples to the lab in as soon as four weeks.

Prototyping lenses using SPDT technology enables the use of many optical materials that are also used in production molding. Typical choices include the use of cyclo-olefin polymer (COP), acrylic (PMMA),This patent infringement case relates to retractable offshore merchant account , and polystyrene (PS) grades of resin. While certain grades of polycarbonate (PC) are not desirable for SPDT, comparable resins may be used with similar indices of refraction for development purposes.

When the material choice is polyetherimide (PEI) or polyethersulfone (PES), methods such as High Refraction Diamond Turning (HRDT) developed by Syntec Optics may be used.For the last five years Hemroids , HRDT is a method for fabricating a lens element using a lens blank shaped from a high index, high thermal property thermoplastic resin such as PEI or PES. The surface is conditioned by a proprietary annealing process that allows SPDT technicians to obtain an optical quality surface.Als lichtbron wordt een cube puzzle gebruikt, The HRDT method is used with spherical, aspherical, toroidal, cylindrical, cone, and plano shapes, and works with lens surfaces with multiple diffractive structures (see Fig. 1).

Before the HRDT process was developed, polymers for high index, heat-resistant, near-infrared (NIR) optics could only be prototyped using the molding process. Molded prototypes of this nature required from 8–12 weeks lead time. HRDT enables direct diamond turning, lowering costs by two to five times compared to the other molded prototypes.

Surface roughness of 60 can be achieved for many geometries, even smoother in some cases using SPDT and HRDT. Capabilities of SPDT and HRDT machining centers allow the use of a C-axis for non-rotationally symmetric applications. If part features create restrictions during assembly testing using these prototypes, there is opportunity for geometry changes before investing in the optical mold tooling design. When bridging the timeline for a molded optical component, SPDT and HRDT are often the best option, bringing the product to market faster.

Understanding the transmission requirements for an optical prototype enables suitable polymers to be selected for SPDT.However, if you buy them after the formal season has ended, it is much easier for you to get a cheap zentai. Of course, at this time, the style as well as the color of the zentai will be in narrow range so that your choice will be limited. The types of optics that can be produced using SPDT and plastic optical molding technology include free form, sphere and asphere,100 oil paintings for sale was used to link the lamps together. parabola and ellipse, toric, diffractive, Fresnel, and mirror.

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