2011年7月27日 星期三

Six to 25 feet underground: water and sewer lines

During the summer, 30 million gallons of water run through Logan's 198 miles of water pipe every day, said Michael Roundy, water and sewer division manager for Logan City. But just slightly more than half of that, some 16 million gallons, finds its way into the 168 miles of sewer main on a daily basis.

But where do the other 14 million gallons of water used by city residents every day end up? Water from sprinkler systems would find its way eventually into the groundwater supply, rather than the sewer system, which would account for the fact that, during the winter, Logan City residents use one third of the water they use in the summer ¡ª 10 million gallons instead of 30 million. Six million of those 10 million gallons find their way to the sewer system in the winter,the Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels of the rectum. Roundy said.

Although the deepest of the eight- to twelve-inch water mains are 15 feet underground, Roundy said, the average depth for a water pipe is six feet. The eight-inch sewer mains average at about seven feet deep, with the deepest going down to 25 feet underground.

Fifteen feet underground: Utah State University's tunnel system

Some are crawl-space only,The new website of Udreamy Network Corporation is mainly selling zentai suits , some are 10-feet wide and well-lit, but at almost every turn, the ground underneath Utah State University is riddled with tunnels that connect many of the buildings on campus. Their purpose? They are maintenance tunnels for a campus-wide heating and cooling system that uses water to heat and cool all the major buildings, USU facilities director Darrell Hart said.

"This way, we provide all the heat and cooling from a central plant," Hart said. "It's much more efficient to have them connected."

Two to three-foot-wide metal pipes carrying steam and cooled water run from the underground central heating and cooling plant through the tunnels, about 15 feet underneath the main sidewalks on campus, Hart said. They jut off the main line to feed the cooling and heating systems in each individual building, where the temperature is controlled locally.

Stan Kane, director of operations and maintenance at Utah State, said there is currently about a mile of tunnels under campus,There is good integration with PayPal and most third party merchant account providers, some new and some older. The tunnels that run under Old Main are about 40 years old, "incredibly hot" and aren't very well ventilated, he said, while the tunnels completed in 2003 ¡ª as part of a $41 million project to replace the old coal-powered system ¡ª have fresh air ventilation and escape hatches at least every 600 feet, so that in the case of a pipe bursting and filling the tunnel with steam, you are never more than 300 feet from a ladder leading up to the surface.

Evidence of the tunnels can be seen on the surface in the form of the metal escape hatches that dot the sidewalks, patches of the Quad where the snow melts during the winter along the lines where the steam pipes run and a giant hole for a 2 million-gallon water tank currently being excavated under the HPER field.Unlike traditional cube puzzle , The holding tank will increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the entire system,then used cut pieces of rubber hose garden hose to get through the electric fence. Hart said, by allowing water to be cooled during the coldest part of the night, stored in the tank and sent to the individual buildings during the day when needed.

Because of the danger of pipes bursting and spewing scalding-hot steam, individuals who find a way in and explore the tunnel system without supervision are risking themselves and are a liability to the university, Hart said. But it is possible to ask for a tour, and as long as they're not busy, someone from the facilities department may just let you take a sneak peak at USU's underworld.

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